Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils, Eugenol, and Cinnamaldehyde against the Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston

The use of larvicides, especially in endemic regions, is recommended for malaria control. However, due to the excessive synthetic resistance mosquitoes and environmental pollution have been challenges. In current study, nanoliposome containing clove cinnamon essential oils their major ingredients, i.e., eugenol cinnamaldehyde, were first prepared; particle size successful loading investigated using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Larvicidal effects nanoliposomes nonformulated samples then against Anopheles stephensi. best-observed efficacy (LC50 5.4 μg/mL) was related with a 109 ± 4 nm. LC50 values other three nanoformulations also around 10 μg/mL; all four prepared thus introduced as natural larvicides further investigations field conditions.